Understanding how microwaves works
Microwaves are non-ionizing Electromagnetic (EM) waves in the frequency range 1 − 300 GHz. It is a part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum, where the microwave range is between the radio waves and visible lights.
As mentioned, microwaves are non-ionizing EM waves, and are therefore a safe scanning technology.
An innovative capability
An overview of microwave nondestructive testing
Microwave NDT works in a similar way to ultrasound testing. Both methods send waves through the object being tested to find defects based on reflections. The main difference is that ultrasound uses acoustic waves, while microwave NDT uses electromagnetic microwaves.
One significant advantage of using microwaves, which uniquely differentiates itself from using ultrasound, is the elimination of the need for a coupling medium. This flexibility allows the antenna to be situated at a greater distance from the object being tested.
Beyond identifying cracks, voids, and other defects, microwave NDT can also be employed for measuring other characteristics like material porosity, moisture levels, and curing states but can not penetrate conductive materials like metals.
No need for a coupling medium, allowing for greater flexibility and speed and suitable for materials with complex geometries.
Fast imaging and lightweight equipment allow for quick testing.
Can be used for detecting a wide range of properties including defects, moisture levels, cure state and porosity.
Detect defects in porous materials and penetrate foam.
Can penetrate any dielectric material, making it versatile.
Generally safe for operators and does not ionize materials.
Microwave NDT for dielectric materials
Microwave NDT is effective in dielectric materials that are insulating materials. Dielectric materials do not conduct electricity but can support electrostatic fields. This type of testing is useful for materials that have low to moderate electrical conductivity. What makes a material suitable for this testing depends on factors like how well it stores electric energy, how much energy it loses, and the thickness of the material. Some of the most common dielectric materials include:
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